EuRBPDB

Cercocebus_atysFamily: Ribosomal_S27 Number of Genes: 6

Ensembl ID	Symbol	Entrez ID
ENSCATG00000021520	-	105579396
ENSCATG00000030100	-	-
ENSCATG00000038661	-	-
ENSCATG00000040285	-	-
ENSCATG00000040456	-	-
ENSCATG00000043541	-	105576398

Introduction

Pfam

This family of ribosomal proteins consists mainly of the 40S ribosomal protein S27a which is synthesised as a C-terminal extension of ubiquitin (CEP). The S27a domain compromises the C-terminal half of the protein. The synthesis of ribosomal proteins as extensions of ubiquitin promotes their incorporation into nascent ribosomes by a transient metabolic stabilisation and is required for efficient ribosome biogenesis [3]. The ribosomal extension protein S27a contains a basic region that is proposed to form a zinc finger; its fusion gene is proposed as a mechanism to maintain a fixed ratio between ubiquitin necessary for degrading proteins and ribosomes a source of proteins [2].

InterPro

Ribosomes are the particles that catalyse mRNA-directed protein synthesis in all organisms. The codons of the mRNA are exposed on the ribosome to allow tRNA binding. This leads to the incorporation of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic information. Incoming amino acid monomers enter the ribosomal A site in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs complexed with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP. The growing polypeptide chain, situated in the P site as peptidyl-tRNA, is then transferred to aminoacyl-tRNA and the new peptidyl-tRNA, extended by one residue, is translocated to the P site with the aid the elongation factor G (EF-G) and GTP as the deacylated tRNA is released from the ribosome through one or more exit sites [PUBMED:11297922, PUBMED:11290319]. About 2/3 of the mass of the ribosome consists of RNA and 1/3 of protein. The proteins are named in accordance with the subunit of the ribosome which they belong to - the small (S1 to S31) and the large (L1 to L44). Usually they decorate the rRNA cores of the subunits.

Reference

Mezquita J, Pau M, Mezquita C; , Gene 1997;195:313-319.: Characterization and expression of two chicken cDNAs encoding ubiquitin fused to ribosomal proteins of 52 and 80 amino acids. PUBMED:9305777 EPMC:9305777 .
Redman KL, Rechsteiner M; , Nature 1989;338:438-440.: Identification of the long ubiquitin extension as ribosomal protein S27a. PUBMED:2538756 EPMC:2538756 .
Finley D, Bartel B, Varshavsky A; , Nature 1989;338:394-401.: The tails of ubiquitin precursors are ribosomal proteins whose fusion to ubiquitin facilitates ribosome biogenesis. PUBMED:2538753 EPMC:2538753.